Thomas Paine Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

doubting Thomas Paine - Research Proposal ExampleIn July 1761, he returned to his native town of Thetford to officiate as a supernumerary officer for a bit more than one year. After that Paine moved to Lincolnshire and became an exciseman. His service go along until August 1765, when he was fired for claiming to have inspected goods he did not inspect (Conway, 1892). In 1767 Paine became a school teacher in London, but that occupation was also rather short the next year he again took the position of exciseman Lewes, East Sussex. His service lasted for the next six years during which Paine serviced as exciseman and simultaneously managed a small tobacco shop. In 1771 he married Elizabeth Ollive and for the first time involved in the political issues he joined the Society of Twelve, a topical anesthetic group of thinkers that periodically met to politics of the local authorities. In the beginning of 1774, Paine was again fired from his service and his tobacco shop collapsed so tha t he had to lot his household possessions to rid himself of debts. The second marriage was also childless and not happy. In 1774 he licitly divorced Elizabeth Ollive and moved to London where he got acquainted with Benjamin Franklin, and in October same year upon receiving the garner of recommendation from Franklin who administered emigration to colonial America at that time, Thomas Paine traveled to Philadelphia (Ayer, 1990).The travel was very nasty and Paine barely survived it it took him 6 weeks to in full recover. After recovery, he settled in Philadelphia, changed his birth name to Paine, and began to work as a journalist for the Pennsylvania Magazine (Conway, 1892). Strong eloquent style of Paines articles and pamphlets immediately bring in him a reputation of radical uncompromising fighter for the inwrought rights of man and freedom. On January 10, 1776, one Paines around famous pamphlets known Common Sense was published. Some historians believe that the pamphlet beca me arguably the most indispensable piece of writing that had strong social and political influence on those days developments that counterbalancetually led up to independence (Larkin, 2005). In particularly, Paine stated that Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil in its worst state an impermissible one for when we suffer, or are exposed to the same miseries by a Government, which we might expect in a country without Government, our calamity is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the means by which we suffer. Government, like dress, is the badge of anomic innocence the palaces of kings are built upon the ruins of the bowers of paradise (Paine, 1776). Such very sharp and radical stance was the apparent feature of Paines writing. Thus, he dismissed the King as a fool (labeled King George III as the Royal Brute of Great Britain (Jensen, 1968, p. 668) claiming that heredity is not always and not necessarily related with natural ability, that Britain used the colonies solely for obtaining profits treating the colonists in unacceptable fashion. Paine also urged the colonies to unite as quickly as possible to effectively protect their rights and believed that the only possible way to do so was to become fully independent Until an independence is declared, the continent will feel itself like a man who continues

United States vs. Antoine Jones Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

United States vs. Antoine Jones - Article ExampleAs the discussion highlights United States vs. Antoine Jones is a side that looks at the governments ability to conduct warrantless GPS tracking, in the case of a suspected criminal vehicle. The case looks into partial elements of the fourth amendment, and the case would have an encroachment on cases that related to the use of technological advances in investigations and the techniques used by the police in assessing authorization criminals.This paper discussses that the Supreme Court has reviewed the D.C. circuits perception on privacy, which was interesting. D.C. Circuit stated that the case did not challenge the nature of warrantless GPS tracking, stating that it did not intrude on any case of privacy. They considered it a broader measuring stick of uprightness enforcement techniques. D.C. circuit stated that it was a discrete method of collecting discrete public training for a given period. The case may be evidential as to ho w the law enforcement agencies over-step their boundary, concerning ethical and law adhering elements of operation. There was a clear violation of the laws, and they were done in a way that suggests that the agents were acting in accordance to personal judgment, rather than following the parameters that have been established by the law. It serves to prove that the law enforcement agencies melt above the rather than follow the established components that rules and regulations of the United States.

Summery Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summery - Article ExampleWhile the supporters of the concept tries to establish the occurrence that the diversified work force have positive concussion over the productivity of the organization and consequently directly contributes toward the increased revenue and productivity of the organization, m whatever a(prenominal) others do not subscribe to the fact. While the undefiled industry, both from the functional as well as academia, accepts that work place as well as work force diversity are the most(prenominal) upcoming concepts that is implementing sea change in the industry, many of the scholar and the managers do not agree that such diversity is always helpful and should be most sought for the organizations. Many of them points out that diversified work force do not have any specific attribute rather is just a strategy for the multi national corporations and other organizations to comply with the regimen regulations as well as to comply with the demands of the pressure gr oups.The article of the Issue 7, Is Diversity in the work a Worthwhile Goal for Corporations? is undoubtedly one of the most discussed and debated topics of the present world of today. The article understandably encapsulates the fact that while many of the leaders of the managerial as well as the academic federation supports the syndrome of diversified work force, many others perceives that such diversity does not have any positive impact over the productivity and the profitability of the organization.The article sums up the view point of Nancy R. Lockwood and Roger Clegg. The belief of Nancy R. Lockwood can be studied from HR Magazine that was published in the June of 2005 and Roger Clegg penned down his belief in the guinea pig Review Online on 21st January of 2002 with the heading of Diversity Nonsense.The recent trade in the strain market of the United States clearly depicts the change in the structure and trends of the employee force. Even

The Arab-Israeli Conflict and its Correlation to Cold War Tensions Term Paper - 1

The Arab-Israeli Conflict and its Correlation to Cold War Tensions - Term Paper Examplenger held the status of power, and U.S and Soviet Union were regarded as the two superpowers thus fueling the Cold War tensions that would dominate the coming decades. Rothwell (2001) claims that the end up of Second World War take to the collapse of League of Nations and subsequent formation of the United Nations that oversaw the cosmea of State of Israel in 1948 thus fueling the Arab-Israel conflict. From the Soviet Union perspective, the large Germany population in the easterly Europe countries was a potential threat to another war and Western allies were determined to safe(p) a lasting peace in Poland and neighboring countries through the expulsion of the Germans (Peitsch, Burdett & Gorrara, 2006). Accordingly, Soviet Union cherished to exert its influence on the satellite states and ultimately entrench communism ideals and punish German for the incorporated atrocities and brutalities dur ing the War (Uris, (2011).The Arab-Israel conflict has similarities with World War 2 and Cold War since all the wars entailed expansionist doctrines since Germany desire to expand their territories while Israel expanded its territory during the war (Rieber, 2000). The Arab-Israel War led to expulsion of thousands of Palestinians from their land in parliamentary law to create a homogenous Jewish society and expand the territory in order to create military defense lines. The Cold War period was dominated by development of atomic arsenal, proxy wars, propaganda, technological competitions and psychological warfare since the US and its allies wanted to contain the powerful easterly bloc countries and challenge the Soviet Union.The destruction of Versailles settlement and growth of Germany hegemony over Eastern Europe led to fundamental changes in the ethnic composition of the population in neighboring countries and ultimately triggered German usurpation of the Soviet Union in 1941. Snyder (2013) asserts that the initial expulsion entailed evacuation of Germans due to advancing Red phalanx in mid 1944

US foreign policy and history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

US foreign policy and history - Essay ExampleThe American Civil War of 1861 - 1865 remains the most severe multitude action the US has been involved in. That state of war between the North and reciprocal ohm would have great consequence upon the political, economic, military, and social life of the country.Although these consequences have been discussed by several generations of American and foreign historians, the debate is still far from being over.Politically, the War resolved arguably the key problem that persisted since the American whirling of 1776 it proved that the republic is capable of coping with both outdoor(a) and internal threats. Until the War many predicted that the US would follow the same pattern many republics did in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries either collapse into tyranny or suffer a series of overthrows and devastating well-behaved wars. The victory of the North in the War unified the nation and convincingly proved the united States viability a s a federal republic since the War ended in 1965, no state has attempted split from the federation (McPherson, 1989). Besides, the War eliminated any doubts regarding supremacy of the Federal government over the states authorities. Another critically all-important(prenominal) outcome of the Civil War was abolishment of the slavery. The 13th Amendment, establishing the Freedmens Bureau (March 1865) which provided food, medical aid, and education to freed people, the Civil Rights ferment of 1866 which granting citizenship to blacks and authorized the federal government to protect their rights, and the 14th Amendment - these critically important documents have become the call outcome of the Civil War. Evidently, the emancipation of 4 million slaves strongly affected economic life, social relations, and military institutions - literally each sphere of life - but in the first turn this accomplishment of the victors should be addressed as a political issue due to the following reasons . In the middle of the 19th century, the United States was powerful enough to equally compete with many European countries and be regarded as an influential international force. However, legalized slavery - an ugly anachronism of the Dark Ages - seriously undermined the countrys reputation in the eyes of European countries (Brinkley et al, 1991). Although the legislative amendments failed to immediately win equal rights for black citizens, emancipation of slaves raised international prestige of the United States as a civilized country. One of the most often admitted reasons for the Civil War was determination of the South to preserve their traditional agrarian society based upon labor of slaves. Although the system brought large profits to the grey slavocracy, it represented a huge contrast with the capitalist North were wage labor prevailed, which slowed down training of capitalism in the United States (McPherson, 1989). The Northern victory removed that harmful contrast, finally caused the Industrial Revolution in the South, and turned the American economic system homogeneous thus opening the way for get ahead using of capitalist relations in the country. The War also stimulated the Northern industry. Producers of arms, munitions, canneries and meat packers make striking profits during the four years of war. A number of farmers had to take weapons and change their traditional assembly line while the army required a lot of farm products -that combination of circumstances stimulated development of the farm machine industry and growing prosperity of Northern farmers. However, when the War was over, the farmers found out that quick onset of new technical devices coupled with availability of new lands in the South dropped prices for the agricultural production. numerous authorities admit that precisely at that time American farmers lost much of their former license (Brinkley et al,

Life of slaves in the Caribbean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life of slaves in the Caribbean - Essay ExampleAccording to Shepherd (25), slavery, colonialism effects and several(prenominal) cultures diversely represent Caribbean. bondage as an establishment was based on the platform of submission and dominance. The position of slavery is experienced in a developed societys notably the United States. When the Europeans arrived in the Caribbean Islands, constant change was effected. Introduction of the plantation system and inhabitants loss amounted to repercussions in the islands. The systems of plantation consisted of a decent class, lower class, and a wealthy class. This is because the plantation systems and childbed were required for prosperity. Slavery was a solution to the labor force for the capitalist class. According to Engerman & Barbara (43) Slavery played a fundamental function in the thriftiness of the island thence sugar became the chief economic ingredient. During slavery, the economy of the Caribbean islands expanded leading to increased families disposable income from tillage activities. Triangle trade was caused by demand in slaves who were required to cultivate crops such as sugarcane. European ships stopped in the African oceans to trade in metals, liquor, weapons, and ammunitions that were taken from captives in during raids and wars furthermore, sugar and salt were substitutable for slaves. Approximately fifteen million slaves were transported through the Oceans later settling into the Caribbean Islands. Conditions in the ship were not favorable. A lot of concentration was on the healthiest and young spate because of their worth in America. History of slavery Slavery in the Caribbean islands dates from the time when population was required to manufacture sugar being the main trade. The white servants had primitively come before the African slaves. Although the white servants did not come in huge numbers, they were rewarded after contracts. During this period, workers who came from Barbados wer e kidnapped. Women acted as house cleaners while men operated as servants to the slave owners. Most Jamaicans and Irish girls went to work in the island. Rules were set for slaves as a tool for control purposes in the agricultural fields. The owners of plantations allowed slaves to undergo marriage and baptism. set up of slavery in the Caribbean Human suffering increased because the harsh living conditions. Slaves were kept in soiled rooms and had nothing to eat and drink. Many people suffered from increased violence. Several slaves captured died along the journey. During this period, people were kidnapped in their fortified houses. Before Europeans got involved in exporting slaves, the African continent was do of smaller tribes, which warred during conflicts hence animosity between factions. The groups involved in war switched from the old habits of fighting with the coming of the Europeans. Most people lost their lives in the process of working in the European firms. According t o Kiple (89), the harsh weather conditions made the Africans sick hence causing death. In the plantation fields, Africans were often subject to attacks and were eaten by wild animals. African women were subjects of rape and this caused psychologically depression. Poverty affected Africans because of lack probability for enrichment through working for the Europeans. Slavery created an opportunity for underdevelopment because no African could attain formal education. The Europeans regarded Africans as monkeys. Frustrations became a benchmark in the Caribbean Island. People resorted to drugs, which could solace during the working periods. Slavery created enmity between the Europeans and Africans because the Africans were recipients of improper treatment. Decrease in population was evident because most Africans died in the process of working for the Europeans in their bushes. If one did not work as per required by the bosses, punishment was the recipe. The end of slavery According to Kiple (67), after all the suffering of the Africans in the Caribbean and Western

A preliminary analysis of a Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A preliminary analysis of a - hear Example(Leon C. Metz, 1993) El Paso stands on the Rio Grande over the outskirt from Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The two urban areas, plus Las Cruces, structure a joined global metropolitan territory, in some cases alluded as the El Paso Juarez Las Cruces, with in excess of 2.7 one million million million individuals. The El Paso Juarez locale is the biggest bilingual, binational lop compel in the Western continent. History of Elpaso El Paso County was secured in defect 1850, with San Elizario as the first district. After the Civil struggles decision, the towns populace started to develop as Texans proceeded to move into the villages and soon cancelled into the larger part. Mining and different businesses slowly advanced in the zone. The El Paso and Northeastern Railway was sanctioned in 1897, to help remove the characteristic assets of encompassing territories, particularly in southeastern New Mexico Territory. The mid-twenties and 1930s saw t he rise of real business advancement in the city. The Depression period in general hit the city hard, and El Pasos populace declined through the closure of the Second World War with the vast majority of populace misfortunes originating from the white neighborhood. Regardless, whites remained the larger part to the 1940s. Immigration As far as movement, the climbing entrances of legitimate and illicit settler laborers and suburbanite specialists from Mexico add to work energy instruction and further change abilities levels. About 43 percent of El Paso Countys populace development between 1970 and 1990 stemmed from universal relocation, circumstances at any rate an extra 50,000 specialists to the work power. Worker laborers added an alternate 20,000 to 25,000. A key mental image in the citys surpluses of low aptitudes and low laborer desires has been the dangerous development of the work energy. A 3.4 percent twelve-month development between 1974 and 1990. Double the national rate , this development came up from conditions like those working in Mexico in the in the meantime fast populace development, swollen associates arriving at working age, and higher support rates around Latino ladies. Breaking this cycle will be troublesome. The intensely Hispanic outskirt environment abates the move to incline and obstructs osmosis. Their nonstop increase into the under-financed earth funded schools disengages English-insufficient Mexicans and Mexican-Americans, blocking quick cultural assimilation and quality training. Mexicos blasting work power will proceed to break into US fringe work markets. El Paso must intensify instruction and work preparing abilities and work to draw in higher esteem included commercial enterprises. In the interim, the city and area must do what it can to abate the expansion in low-ability laborers and press upper-case letter for better authorization at the fringe and against managements of ineligible outsiders. Schools Regarding schools , El Paso is home to the University of Texas at El Paso, the biggest state funded college in the district. It was as of late stacked up as the seventh best school in Washington Monthlys 2013 National University Rankings, just behind Stanford and in front of Harvard. Likewise, the colleges School of Engineering is the countrys top shaper of Hispanic designers with advanced degrees. The El Paso region people essential go to state funded schools in foursome school areas, El Paso Independent School District, Ysleta Independent,

Hitlers table talk Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hitlers table talk - Term Paper ExampleIn deluxe 1941, when someone had committed murder in Berlin, Hitler argued that offenders did non need an imprisonment but rather visible punishment. He argued that the penal system of the time had given the first sentence unnecessary importance. These people deserve corporal punishment only. Sending one to jail would only give them an opportunity to perfect their artifice of breaking the virtue. He argued that in prisons other prisoners teach people new tactics. This is the sad truth in most of the prisoners in the world today. However, corporal punishment is not supported in the human rights law code and therefore inapplicable. It is worth noting other prisoners do honestly transform. He concludes that the criminal should just vanish so that they do not face trial. If all criminals disappear into society, crime would rise terribly. It is worthwhile to ringlet them up in prison but implement strategies that will ensure they transform.On August 19, Hitler mentioned that for the nice of their country, the Germans should wish for war after every fifteen to twenty years. These wars would make sure that their army was abstracted and not just playing with the soldiers. He further elaborates that he did not regret losing some of the soldiers in war because war creates an opportunity for Germany to enlarge their territory and therefore increase in number. This principle does not comply with the international law.

Can china solve Taiwan problem using one country under two policy Research Paper

Can china solve chinaware line of work using one res publica under two policy - Research Paper ExampleFurthermore, I would as well discuss various factors that contribute to the involvement between China and Taiwan. China gutternot gain Taiwan by force before the land up of this decade. (McCready, 8) Basically, the research paper examined if China can solve the dispute with Taiwan using one country under two policies. However, many questions still arise regarding this conflict if China would fall in up on Taiwan and let them enjoy their sovereignty? Why is joined States not supporting China considering their recent super power status? Why does the flag-waving(a) party want to rejoin the Peoples Republic of China? Nevertheless, the indep stopent state of Taiwan in the eyes of China or Taiwan merging with China once again seems like a never ending conflict. It is said that Taiwan Should pass the point of no return in maintain its independence and end the prospect of rejoini ng mother China. (Tsang, 10) The government of Taiwan has multitude of reasons for not merging rachis and not giving up their independence from China. Taiwan has the right to enjoy its freedom and to prosper, thus depriving them of their rights is no excuse. China and Taiwan hold a very dainty and fragile relationship with each other. China, Taiwan, the unite States, and Japan attain national interests in how the conflict is resolved, and these interests will be difficult to reconcile. (McCready, 5) Therefore, China should end their efforts and give up on Taiwan as the Taiwanese currently are very clever with their independent state both personally and efficiently. As the time passes on, these conflicts will cool down. To sum it up in the most effective manner, Taiwanese are satisfied with their present state so there is no room for negotiations in this regard. At some point, China will show maturity and establish Taiwan so that they can enjoy their freedom. Also, the number of people visiting Taiwan from China has also tremendously increased with the passage of time and Taiwan has wholeheartedly increased its quota for Chinese visitors. Hence in a nutshell, Taiwan is quite contented with their independent state and they are economically stable and happy as well, which leaves China in no condition to negotiate merging them back with China, although it is said that the economical relations between Taiwan and China are quite stable and they are active swop partners. In my opinion China cannot solve this China-Taiwan conflict by using a single country under two policies. Prospectus Template 1) My research topic I had to analyze that whether China can solve Taiwan problem using one country under two policies. 2) I have learned the followingI have learnt through my research that China and Taiwan have been in the state of unrest since Taiwan separated from China. I have to consider the factors that contribute to the conflict and what else of necessity to be done in order to overcome the conflict. 3) These observations lead me to ask the following questions Whether China would give up on Taiwan and let it enjoy their sovereignty? Will this conflict ever end? Why is the United States not supporting China, considering their recent super power status? Why does the Nationalist Party want to rejoin the Peoples Republic of China? 4) This question has several plausible answers Many factors contribute to the conflict, thus, there are numerous reasons. Some believe that the conflict will reserve on, while others are optimistic about the

Facility & Equipment Injuries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Facility & Equipment Injuries - Essay ExampleBackboard cables can be any adventure for injury. Dunking is a frequent occurrence in the game of basketball. Therefore use of ill constructed rims that do not break on hard impact pose risk to the hands of basketball players (Borkowski, 2004). Improperly designed basketball rims can excessively be a hazard for basketball players, when they soak up the basketball (Kidman & Hanrahan, 2004). Debris, or dirt, or playing floors and missing or raised floor plates can also cause injuries to players (Borkowski, 2004).To prevent injuries from collusions with objects outside the playing area, I will create buffer zones providing a marginal of three feet space from the playing area preferably I would like to have buffer zones of ten-spot feet. I will regularly check the backboard cables to ensure that they do pose any hazard to the players. I will report any faulty rims and backboards to the authorities, and will not allow the players to use them gutter they are replaced. I will regularly ensure that dirt, debris, and wet spots from the playing floors. In the occurrence of raised floor plates I will report it to the authorities, and the relevant playing area will not be used till the defects are addressed. In this manner I hope to reduce injuries to basket ball players from facilities and equipment (Borkowski,

Coca cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

coca plant cola - Essay ExampleJohn Pemberton died indoors two years of invention and the strike off was then purchased by Asa Candler in 1889. The beverage was initially sell at 5 cents for each glass in Jacobs Pharmacy. The confederacy expanded its operations generally within 1900 to 1920. The commercializeing strategy of Asa Griggs Candler has helped the product to lead the market of soft drinks all throughout the twentieth century (The Chronicle of coca-Cola The Candler Era). The Coca Cola Company manufactures concentrated coca cola or coke. This concentrated product is sold to all the licensed bottlers of Coca Cola who sell these products all everyplace the world (Overview). The bottlers have territorial contract with Coca Cola Company and they produce the finished products of the company in bottles or cans from their initial concentrated state and then sell them all over the world. on occasion there are other cola drinks available which are sold under the same blur nam e of Coca Cola. The most common drinks in this form are Caffeine set down Coca Cola, Coca Cola Cherry, Diet Coke Caffeine free, etc. The Coca Cola brand has been ranked as the most valuable brand in the world on the basis of Interbrands best global brand in the year 2011. ... Moreover, the reason behind choosing coca cola is its unique(p) taste and saltiness (Family, Food and Coca Cola). However, presently it has been seen that the customer preferences towards non alcoholic drinks like Coca Cola is changing because of the increasing health concerns, demand of other alcoholic competitive products in the market and changes in the life style of the consumers (The Five Mega-Trends Shaping Tomorrows Customers). The five mega trends of the customers preferences would be driving the beverage industry. They are mass urbanization, aging population rise of the middle class globally, changing engine room and concern of people related to sustainable society (COKE CEO These Five Consumer Meg a Trends Are ever-changing the World). Among all top beverage producing companies PepsiCo is having huge demand among the consumers. Thus, Coca Cola faces high challenger from PepsiCo. There has been increasing demand of Coke Zero product of the Coca Cola Company in the market in order to satisfy the health conscious customers (How Coca Cola Keeps Up with teddy Consumers Demands). This product is found to have higher penetration in the market because of men rather than women. However, it has as well been found that the college students have great affinity towards varieties of Coke like Diet Coke, Coke Zero and Coca Cola Classic. The next portion of the study would be conducting a primary open ended canvas by means of an interview of the potential customers of the brand Coca Cola. The customers who were focused while conducting the interrogation belonged to the young age group. Primary Research Do you think that packaging, taste and calories are three classical

Transcendentalism in the movie Avatar and how both relate to nature Essay

Transcendentalism in the movie Avatar and how both relate to nature - examine ExampleIn this movie, transcendentalism is shown when Jake, the main the character breaks from his g all overnment and conforms to the natives ideology of the importance of nature. Nature is sanctum to the natives in the movie with God-like powers. Pantheism is the worship of creation. Transcendentalists believe that nature is a way of connection with God. The tree of souls in the movie is as a link to their mother. The destruction of nature by the government is similar to the industrial movement at the beginning of transcendentalism. Technology is as bad and a destroyer of nature. The technology in the movie serves to harm nature, as is believed by transcendentalism (Grabiner 59).Avatar is transcendental in the way it portrays nature and new life. The religion in Avatar portraying God as being Supreme over all beings originates from transcendentalism. The most important message in Avatar is respect for n ature. Some of the aspects portrayed in the movie are relevant in the world today. Nature is important and needs to be respected and preserved. It is important not to sacrifice nature at the expense of other benefits (Smitha

Restorative community programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Restorative residential area programs - Research Paper ExampleIn the analysis of these issues, restorative jurist requires that several questions be addressed. For instance, questions concerning which laws be broken, who is the offender, which punishment to be applied and what harms arise out of the horror are such fundamental concerns that should always be addressed in the program.Restorative programs have become principal(prenominal) segments of the societal form of living. This is necessitated by the fact that crime needs to be addressed from its deepest roots other than simply curbing its prevalence (Braithwaite 2002). Societies organize programs where the offenders are made aware of the negativities of their characters and proper ways are sought in order to rehabilitate any willing minds. Restorative justice works rise up in relation to such other contemporary methods like community policing, community prosecution and crime prevention.The fundamental fact in this respect is that offenders must always take responsibility of their actions while the community seeks to assist in the overall accountability of the society. Restorative programs work well in societies where communities have not been involved much in the justice process. In that case, participation is normally enhanced in a way that the community understands itself and takes charge of its fundamental

If all countries were democracies, there would still be war Essay

If all countries were democracies, there would still be contend - Essay ExampleDoes it follow then that if all the countries in the world were democracies, there would be no contend pitting one with the some other Is parliamentary peace possible I would argue in this paper that while there is still the possibility of fight in this scenario, it is less likely to slide by as compared to a scenario wherein undemocratic countries exist.My line of thinking would be what Achen (1986) called as the guideion-effects argument. An analysis of conflicts would show that approximately wars pitted one form of regime with another and that democracies tend to win more often than other political systems. They do so because they are more careful in deciding whether to initiate war. They select their position by evaluating the effects and oftentimes democracies find wars as a risky venture.The studies of deterrence of Fearon (1994) and the democratic peace by Rousseau et al. (1996) point out th e role that democratic electoral institutions play in moderate the possibility of war between democracies. ... However, I do not claim that this fear eliminates the possibility of war but it does show that only when they are sure of victory would democracies involve themselves. The crucial point is that when countries do become democracies, they become more efficient in waging war because they become more cautious and point more evaluations on the likeliness of victory. A good example of how this works was shown in the 1898 Fashoda Crisis when democratic France evaded war with the British after their evaluation have shown them they military inferior. This shows that democracies tend to be more peaceful and diplomatic with others because their political institutions constrain leaders from pursuing belligerent foreign policies. A second argument is that democracies practices immunity of expression and offer higher tincture and quantity of information. There are many benefits from the abundance of quality information one of which is enabling government agencies to make better policies. This is possible because democracies allow for the vigorous raillery of alternative and provide for an open dissemination of ideas. A free press, one of the salient features of democracies, provides another substantiation for waging war. When the media has limited government control and censoring, they are more likely to expose the flaws regarding foreign and local policies and amend governance in the process. Statistical studies conducted by Snyder (1991) and Van Evera (1994) indicate that the propensity for foolhardy wars decreases as media censorship decreases. Reiter (1995) showed in an empirical study that media expositions pressure government officials to release higher quality and less aslant information. In contrast, nondemocratic regimes have

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Coursework

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Coursework ExampleAccordingly, H&M spends resources both financial and human to facilitate programs and ideals which are not principally profit making and touch the lives of great deal and leave a lasting impact on them. They include engaging in activities and outreach programs which would meet the society in their respective(a) points of need as would be identified in various points in time.This is a phenomenon where the business seeks to cover the negative effects occasioned to the environment and the society at lifesize upfront to avoid an even larger effect in subsequent times. It could come in the anatomy of environmental protection and conservancy such as H&M providing seedlings to be planted for future benefits eyepatch being alive and cognizant about current costs and risks or threats. (OConnor & Shumate, 2010).For instance most international are guilty of environmental degradation and pollution which is a negative externality an d a comport cost to the immediate environment. Therefore, the immediate conjunction would form a negative perception and bad will towards such a company. However, the case is different in H&M because protection and conservancy is their core legislation in endearing their product to the local community. Therefore, it is part of H&M to appeal to the local community by taking care of the environmentIs the instance where companies such as H&M adopt to share their abundance with the less fortunate people in the society by articulating and covering their unavoidably and shortcomings (Dean, 2014). Intuitively, the business also markets themselves in the course of the corporate social responsibility. Apart from creating employment for the disabled H&M provide discount offers to disabled community. The aim basically is to show appreciation and concern to people with special needs. H&M has also invested in programs that create awareness of people with special needs. For instance, H&M buy s wheel chairs and white sticks to the less

Business Prppopsal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Prppopsal - Article ExampleKey factors to our success will be the gaiety of families with our services. We are particularly suited to the task being educators and parents ourselves.There were advantages and disadvantages to both a non-profit versus for-profit operations. The advantages of non-profit are that we may receive preferential treatment in rent and locations, and it will help with fund-raising in the event we regard it. The disadvantages are that it limits our size.An advantage for a for-profit daycare is that we may be able to provide less high-ticket(prenominal) service in the form of family daycare in the home of the child. The disadvantages are that there are different policies regarding the legislation of such enterprises.We will measure our performance using regular but brief leaf node and worker surveys. We will implementation. Interaction between our organization and our client families and between every operational division will enhance our ability t o provide effective low-cost service.We aim for a June grand open to take advantage of the good weather. Nevertheless we are still in need of resources including a location, equipment, food, bedding, toys, supplies, and electronics. some(prenominal) donations help.Our pricing is based on our costs. At $4 per hour per child for 60 kids for 40 hours for 50 weeks we would net about $480,000.

Reaction against hydrogen peroxide Essay Example for Free

Reaction a absorbst henry atomic number 1 enthalpy peroxide EssayThe action of catalase on henry peroxide Aim The aim of this try is to discover the entirely(prenominal)iance between the concentration of the subst invest and the arrange of the reply catalysed by an enzyme, by looking at the radioactive decay of heat content peroxide under the action of catalase, and to determine a value for Vmax and the Michaelis constant for catalase. Background conjecture An enzyme is a protein biological catalyst. Catalysts speed up or slow down the target at which chemical receptions occur. They ar not used up in the reactions and crapper be retrieved unchanged afterwards. Biological catalysts domination the treasure of reactions in living things.Each enzyme is subst identify specific it can control only cardinal reaction. For example, the digestion of starch is begun in the m forbiddenh by the enzyme amylase. An equation for this reaction can be shown like this Amyl ase starch Simple sugars The enzyme only facilitates the reaction, it is not used up. Each molecule of enzyme can be reused indefinitely, unless it is damaged, or denatured. Enzymes are proteins, so they are denatured if the polypeptide chains, which are precisely coiled and folded to form the active site, become unfolded by the kinetic energy from heat, or the covalent bonds are disrupted.Whilst some heat leave alone increase the rate of reaction because of the increased number of collisions between enzyme and substrate, too much heat get out denature the enzyme and grant it completely ineffective. Enzymes are also affected by the pH at which they have to work. Charged hydrogen or hydroxide ions in acids or alkalis can cancel out the charges on the active sites of the enzymes, and collapse them ineffective. Hydrogen peroxide is a toxin produced in every cell of living organisms as a by harvest of respiration.It is the same chemical that is used to bleach hair, and so must be b roken down in the beginning it can damage the cells. It decomposes to give peeing and oxygen. This reaction will occur naturally, but at a very slow rate. To speed it up an enzyme is used. The enzyme which catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is called catalase. Catalase is found in all living cells to decompose the hydrogen peroxide. In this experiment it is existence obtained from live yeast in a suspension. The method by which catalase works is called the lock and key method.Catalase works because it has an active site. At this point the enzyme attaches to the hydrogen peroxide molecule, because the opposite charges of enzyme and substrate attract each other, forming an enzyme substrate complex. The enzyme catalyses the reaction, and then the new charges on the product repel the enzyme away to act on a new substrate molecule. (see fig 1) The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide has the following formula catalase 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 The rate of a reaction is a step of th e change in the amount of reactant or product with clipping.The rate of decomposition H2O2 can be measured using the hatful of oxygen produced, from the formula Rate of reaction = change in amount of product time The rate of reaction is determined by collision theory- For a reaction between two substances to occur, the enzyme and substrate particles must collide with each other. If to a greater extent(prenominal) collisions occur in a reaction, rate will increase. If the reactant particles gain energy and collide faster, then each collision will have more energy, there will be more successful collisions, and rate will also increase.In this case, the more collisions between hydrogen peroxide and catalase molecules, the more hydrogen peroxide will decompose. Anything which increases collisions will increase rate. Increasing the concentration of the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) solution means that there are more substrate molecules in the same volume, causing more collisions, and t hus increasing rate. The rate of reaction changes with concentration, but the overall yield of oxygen is independent of factors touch the rate, so measuring the amount of oxygen produced over the whole reaction is meaningless.Instead, the initial rate of reaction can be estimated by measuring the volume of oxygen produced in the early stages of the reaction. This value can then be compared between the different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, and used to plot a graph of substrate concentration against rate, from which values for Vmax and the Michaelis constant (Km) can be obtained. The relationship between substrate concentration and rate of reaction is described by the Michaelis-Menton equation v = Vmax S Km + S.Vmax is a measure of the maximum rate at which an enzyme can act, and it is the horizontal asymptote of the graph of substrate against time that is when the amount of enzyme is the limiting factor. The Km is defined as the substrate concentration at which the rate o f enzyme action is half Vmax. It is measure of the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate molecule the higher Km, the weaker the binding force between the enzyme and substrate. Both Km and Vmax are constants at a specific enzyme concentration and temperature. cowcatcher ExperimentA pilot experiment was carried out in mold to see whether the method was practical and could produce good, reliable results, and to choose the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and the length of time over which the oxygen would be collected so that no more than 50cm3 of gas was given off. Pilot Method 1. 10cm3 of hydrogen peroxide solution was measured into boiling tubes using a syringe, and the apparatus localise up as shown below. 2. Using a 1cm3 syringe the yeast suspension was added to the boiling tube and the stopwatch started. 3.Thirty seconds was timed, and then the burette was taken off the end of the delivery tube, but not out of the pee, and the volume of gas collected was measured. 4. Thi s was recorded and repeated for each concentration of hydrogen peroxide, made up as shown in the dilution tables below. Pilot Results Concentration of hydrogen peroxide Initial reading on burette (cm3) Final reading on burette (cm3) Volume of gas collected (cm3) Rate of reaction (cm3/s) to 2dOff scale. abbreviation of and Modifications to the Pilot These results show a clear increase in the volume of gas collected as the concentration increases, suggesting that with modifications this method will enable clear conclusions to be drawn. Carrying the experiment out over 30s resulted in too much gas being produced at the highest concentration to be recorded with the apparatus available, so for the main experiment the oxygen will be collected over 15s. More readings will be taken to enable a more reliable graph to be drawn at9 and 20%.The experiment will be repeated three times and any anomalous results will be set and excluded from the average in order to enable more reliable results . Prediction I predict that ab initio the rate of reaction will increase with the concentration. As the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases so will the number of collisions between enzyme and substrate molecules, so the hydrogen peroxide will decompose faster into water and oxygen. I predict that this reaction will obey Michaelis-Menton kinetics, and that the graph of rate of reaction against hydrogen peroxide concentration will give a rectangular hyperbola as shown belowThe increase in rate of reaction will not continue indefinitely there will be an asymptote when Rate = Vmax, when all the catalase molecules are catalysing the reaction as fast as possible, and so the rate cannot increase without supplying more enzyme. Main Experiment Plan Fair Test A fair test is one from which a reliable conclusion can be drawn. For a fair test only one varying must be changed at a time. In this experiment the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is being changed, and so all others must be controlled. Variables.Independent Variable- concentration of hydrogen peroxide strung-out Variable- volume of oxygen gas collected in 15s Controlled Variables- temperature, volume of hydrogen peroxide, amount of yeast, apparatus, time. The reaction will be carried out in a water bath at 20? C. Since water is a good thermal buffer it should be fairly easy to keep the temperature constant. Volume of hydrogen peroxide solution will be controlled quite easily by using two syringes to measure the water and hydrogen peroxide volumes as dictated by the dilution table below.

Environmental Impacts of Aviation Essay Example for Free

Environmental Impacts of Aviation Essay make perturbation is said to hold a variety of definitions. For people who be inclined towards acoustics, interference is identified as a complex form of sound waves that have irregular vibrations and has no known pitch. In the field of honor of engineering, illegitimate enterprise is considered as a signal that interferes with the detection and quality identification of a nonher signal. However, for psychoacoustic studies which are foc used on the study of human answer to sound, noise is deemed as an unwanted form of sound (American Speech-Language-Hearing tie-up ASHA, 2008). According to K. D.Kryter (1996), noise is an enhanced form of sound signals that post a negative effect in the physiological and psychological aspect of an individual (Kryter, 1996 cited in ASHA, 2008). For the most part, noise is something that could be identified as an unwanted sound which is a pollutant and a hazard to the health of human beings (ASHA, 2 008). Noise can be derived from a variety of contributors, and such noises have their own levels that are detrimental to the perceive of an individual. Noise levels are measured in decibels. Sounds that are louder than 80 decibels are considered to be hazardous.One of the leading sources of potentially hazardous noise is the aerodrome. Noises from airports could come from constructions and operating machines. However, the major contributor for airport noise is caused by the aircrafts. There are two ways on how aircraft noises are generated. First, airframe noise appears whenever air passes through the fuselage or body and locomote of the plane. The activity causes friction and turbulence which often result in the production of unwanted sound. Gliders which are planes without engines call down noise during its flights.Second, engine noise is derived from the attain of the moving parts of the aircrafts engine. Such noise is as well as produced whenever the sound of air passes th rough the engines during high speed. Engine noise mainly comes from the planes unloose or the jet situated behind the engine whenever the air sound from the engine combines with the air skirt it (Wellington airport, 2008). Based from the study carried out by Daniel Nunez (1998), airplane noise poses disturbance in the human catnap more than than any other forms of noises.It was alike indicated that more than 50% of the people residing near airports are waken by airplane noise (Holland-Wegman, 1967 cited in Nunez, 1998). The onset of aircraft noise as a major task began during the time when there is an upsurge in the need of air transportation after World struggle Two. By the end of 1950s, the introduction of jet planes became widely known which afterwards on catapulted the aviation regeneration where commercial air passengers were also introduced (Nunez, 1998).The augmentation in the aircraft use also resulted in the increase in the noise level produced by air transportat ions. Because of the outstanding length of service and success of aircraft operations, airports gradually become colossal and noisier. The attractive activities of airports also began to grab the attention of people, wherein surrounding communities started to spread all throughout the nearby landing fields. The more airports become macroscopicalger and nosier, the more residential structures, churches, and schools come closer to the area. Eventually, conflicting issues arise.Aside from the land magnification of airports which often cause nearby residents to act defensively, noise is also regarded as an issue that is very oft integrated with airport operations (Bachman, 2003). As such, the painful sound from aircraft take offs and landings were viewed as the primary reasons of pain in the neck by the residents living near the area. From then on, airport noise has become a complex psychophysiological and economic issue (Nunez, 1998). The issues regarding aircraft noise are sai d to be complicated because of the aviation industrys moment in the economy of developing countries.Without the presence of the aviation industry various economic industries would be in earnest affected, some of which include the tourism business and mail transportation (Nunez, 1998). Many airports have spent large amounts of money in coiffure to provide sound insulation for residential buildings and fellowship owned structures to sign aircraft noise (Bachman, 2003). One of the airports that have reached an agreement regarding their noise issue with the people in the surrounding community is the Wellington planetary Airport Limited (WIAL) situated in unexampled Zealand. WIAL was constituted as a legal corporation on October 16, 1990.The aviation company is partly owned by the Wellington urban center Council which shares 34% of the total stocks, while the other 66% are owned by Infratil Limited. Wellington International Airport is known as the third largest airport in New Zea land and is classified as a regional hub that extends its international flight service not only in New Zealand but also to the Eastern part of Australia and the dwelling island countries in the south-west Pacific. Almost 90% of the passengers of WIAL travel domestically and mass of whom are business people (Ministry of Economic Development MED, 2005).As it was said, no other cities in the being have an airport location that could be compared to Wellington International Airport. WIAL is situated on a c one timentrate strip of land in the center of the residential areas. The airport is just minutes away towards the heavy(p)s centre. It is also accessible through a short coastal scenic drive or passing through the tunnel at Mount Victoria. Although the location of the airport is said to be unique, the airport is faced with substantial challenges in terms of its environmental impact, specifically the aircraft noise.The location of Wellington International Airport which is close to the residential area became a ground for the residents to organize the Residents Airport Noise action at law Group, the noise abatement requirement, as well as different actions from the intimate operations of the airport in order to decrease the noise pollution (Wellington Airport, 2008). Residents Airport Noise Action Group In 1963, Maxine Harris first go into her home at Strathmore which is near Wellington International Airport. Five years after, Harris reported that the jet noise began.According to documents, Harris and her neighbors were not at all bothered by the jet noise. However by 1980s, Harris and her neighbors started hearing the night-time acceleration of the airplane engines of National Airways. Harris even noted that they heard the revving of the airplane engines that sounded like a spiky whining that would wake her up in the middle of the night and would not allow her to get back to sleep. Harris complained approximately the noise issue, but an airport official told her that no other individual complained about the noise.Harris talked to her other neighbor about the issue and her neighbor told her that he had also complained, yet the airport official also told him that no other person called the airport to complain. Both Harris and her neighbor responded to the issue by putting pamphlets in the mailboxes of their neighbors. The leaflet called for the other residents to phone the airport whenever they were disturbed by the aircraft noise (Samson, 1997a). Because of this, the neighbors responded well, and in 1986, the Residents Airport Noise Action Group was established.The group was focused on performing two tasks to halt the engine testing at night and to lessen the noise produced by the 737s. It was in 1986 when the group had their first meeting with the city council. During that time, they have voiced their complaints regarding the noise issue. Their first attempt became successful after the city passed the first by-law which is focused on the engine-testing. The by-law limits the testing times of the National Airways Friendship fleet. However, subsequent efforts of the group were not as successful as their first attempt. The noise problem of the Boeing 737s still remains (Samson, 1997a).In 1987, the Ansett Airlines became a part of the internal air service market. In return, Air New Zealand has to expand their operations. It was stated that the residents regarded 1987 as the year of big explosion because of the noise produced by the aircrafts. In response to the growing issue of the airport noise, the residents put preliminary a proposal, stating that all the 737s should be phased out in 1997. Three months after the proposal was passed, Ansett adjudge the residents plea by replacing the fleets with whisper jets that are much quieter compared to the 737s.On the other hand, the city council frame in a proposed by-law that would have ordered the Air New Zealand to reduce its fleet on a represent by stage process . However, the propose by-law did not take in effect (Samson, 1997a). By 1992, Air New Zealand promised that by the following year seven of their Boeing 737-200s would have devices that would reduce noise known as hush kits and other fleets would be phased out and will be replaced by 737-300s. However, the residents did not agree with this.Arguments were once again raised that have even reached the select committees of the parliament, yet the resolutions were unidentifiable (Samson, 1997, p. 19a). As a response to the noise issue that has been gaining public interest, the city council put forth a proposed district plan, but the residents opposed to it. However, in order to resolve the issue, environment court judge Shonagh Kenderdine ruled out in overbearing of 1997 that the airport and the airlines should adhere to the strict rules as proposed by the district plan regarding the air noise leaping wherein a specific maximum noise level will be set.Furthermore, the noise boundary w ould later on be dissolved if there is an improvement with the airport and airlines noise management. Other regulations that were included in the ruling involve the night curfew, engine-testing, ground noise control, and land-use. The first three issues being disputed were already progressive after the issues were ruled out. The last dispute which was focused on the land use was not settled until November of 1997 (Samson, 1997a).As a follow up to the court ruling done on fantastic of 1997, in order to end the ten-year fight regarding the acceptable noise level in Wellington area, and to in the end conclude the last remaining area of dispute which was focused on the land use, Judge Shonagh Kenderdine end the noise issue on November 20, 1997. The major players during the court case involved the Residents airport noise action group, the board of airline representatives, the Wellington city council, and the Wellington international airport.It was stipulated in the ruling that All wis e housing developments within the airports air-noise boundary would be deemed unrestricted discretionary activity (Samson, 1997b, p. 3). beneath the said ruling, any individuals who are interested to build residential structures within the surrounding airport area and all the application permits have to be approved by the Wellington City Council. Therefore, the council has the right to turn away or consent the details of the application depending on the criteria that are still to be set by the district plan (Samson, 1997b).Despite the criteria being on the process of completion, the interested party should be governed by the assessments set in the ruling wherein new homes that will be built within the airports air-noise boundary should use construction materials that could pass the standards of noise reductions. Such materials include thicker gib boarding, double or thicker window glazing, and the introduction of noise insulations. The ruling also required the city council to imp lement stricter rules regarding the development of new housings compared to the schoolmaster proposition of the district plan (Samson, 1997b).

Web Communities Essay Example for Free

Web Communities EssayThe movie Julie and Julia directed by Nora Ephron and starring Meryl Streep and Amy Adams released refinement year 2009 is the composition of Julie Powell (played by Amy Adams), a call canter agent in Lower Manhattan phylogenesis Corporations in New York in 2002. Her job is answering ph mavin calls and providing assistance to all the victims of September 11 attacks and other related complaints. This movie made an impact to all people who loves to cook besides having stiff work. What makes this movie significant is that it is based on Julie Powells blog which has indeed made an impact. Her blog at last went on to become a book in 2005 titled Julie and Julia 365 Days, 524 Recipes, 1 Tiny Apartment Kitchen which was later renamed Julie and Julia My Year of Cooking Dangerously when printed on paperback. Her book, as well as that of American culinary photograph Julia youngster (played by Meryl Streep), My Life in France, would be the basis of the films sto ry. From one dream, the story itself influenced everybody. All the wonderful ideas and dreams to make it happen are really hard to do.But in this movie, the two main characters give their insight on how they make their dreams come true and they believe on it. As Julie takes on the challenge to cook all the recipes in the book of legendary chef Julia Child titled, Mastering the cheat of French Cooking which was published in 1961. She plans to cook all of her 500-plus recipes within a year. At the resembling time, Julie would compose a blog to share her cooking progress and she also shares it to everybody through online blogging that her husband Eric taught her how to write a blog.He is a very patient husband who strongly believes in her that she is a sizeable writer and she can accomplish the challenge. At the same time, the scenes from the movie would shift to Julia Child, depicting the early age of her cooking career in Paris (Ephron). On the firstborn daylight of the chall enge, Julie writes all her plans on that day and what kind of recipe she will cook. At first, it seems that everything awkward or strange. She also wonders if there is anybody listening on her while she is writing down her progress. From time to time, whenever she updates her blog, it seems like she is talking to herself.She is also expecting that someone would leave comments for her. virtuoso day, while she was in the office, she received the first and only comment from somebody, and she never expected that it would come from Julia Child herself, who commented that Julie must be clueless about what she is doing. Each passing day, she is having difficulty in some of the recipes because of the centering and it also shows her aversion to eggs but she took it as a challenge to cook and eat it for the first time in her life and realized she loves it.So many days passed for her to complete the challenge, and blogging gives her a fortune of devotion until she finally accomplished it. (E phron) Blogging is made for personal writing about ones person life, writing and modify it with whatever one wants to write, whether it is about a hobby or some other interest one would like to share with others. When people read blogs, it would arouse their interests and from there create a chain reception as more and more people would write a blog on a same topic they share and sooner or later, became something worth discussing.Blogging has a way of attracting people who share putting surface interests and the end result is the creation of weave communities. Although this is also mirrored by real-life communities, one advantage web communities have is it is more far-reaching and can go beyond borders and touch base with anybody around the world which is to the highest degree connected online. This is one of the wonders of the Internet as it connects people the world over transcending borders and uniting them with a putting surface interest.Works CitedJulie and Julia. Dir. N ora Ephron. Perf. Amy Adams Meryl Streep. 2009.

Rendell Case Essay Example for Free

Rendell Case Essay1. What is the organizational philosophy of Martex with comply to the restrainer function? What do you think of it? Should Rendell adopt this philosophy?From the position descriptions of Martex stated in the suit we scum bag conclude that the organizational philosophy of Martex with respect to the go out condition function, especially in the modern business, has gone through a huge change. For organizational function, it emphasized the importance of directly insurance coverage to the unified ascendancy in lieu of responsibility to the section manager, and for this position, it largely concerned with administrative function of an important managerial position as it relates to the control of costs and the profitable operation of the business as a whole. The Martexs restrainer erect complex body part appear to be relatively independent without being intervened by the course of study manager so that they can greatly contribute to improvements on cont rolling corporate cost and preparing divisional budget from the comp some(prenominal)-level management perspective.In my point of view, it is beneficial to corporate operation as a whole. only when these is a point which should not be neglected that is sometimes the interest inconformity between division and corporate. homogeneous what stated in the case, there is always a fat in the division budget, but if follow out the Martexs methods, the direct consequence of unbiased source of information will really show up? I doubt it. Given the intervention of the division manager from their own purpose, the accuracy of either info sources or analysis reports could not be guaranteed any more. So in my position, I would be more in favor of rejecting this organizational philosophy in Rendell Company.2. To whom should the divisional ascendances report in the Rendell Company? Why?The divisional controller should report to the divisional manager for right off. The reason is that the contro l system structure should take corporate structure into account. If merely imitating the methods of Martex, it may fail. It is not completely suitable for a different corporate structure using the same management control system. The reason of success in the Martex is primarily because the line-staff relationships underlie the execute of assigning general staff to the division instead of the divisional staff. In addition, the division controllers office is often located with the division colleagues not the division manager, and therefore thread the intervention to the lowest degree possible. In contrast to the Martex, Rendell did not meet the same requirement as the Martex had had.Once took the job, the Rendell division controller was told his function was to help general manager. So every decision and analysis he made would be from divisional interest instead of corporate as a whole. On the some other hand, as a member of the divison, if the controllers were treaded as the front spy looking into the division status, they will also be questioned for the reporting and isolated from the rest of the division. No mention the job could be taken over unofficially. The reason of this phenomenon is that the division controllers are not created as an independent position in the Rendell Company, which is, more or less, under the press of the division management.3. What should be the relationship between the corporate controller and the divisional controllers? What steps would you take to arrive at this relationship on a sound footing?The best relationship between the corporate controller and the divisional controllers is kept direct relationship. From the perspective of operation and development of the corporate, only if the president and corporate controller (as we all know, mostly, the corporate controller would reported directly to the president) gather the accurate information of various divisions, they can pip better decisions for future plan. To avoid the unn ecessary difficulties for gathering data and reporting to upper management, the vertical organizational structure should be shortened as possible.There are several indispensible steps to consecrate this relationship. And all of the purposes are from two principles first, shorten vertical structure and avoid intervention of affected parties second, change accounting system control. First of all, it is important to intently cultivate the awareness of managers and controllers as they simultaneously grew up in thedivision. The company should establish the so positive image of controllers within the entire company that make every staff clear the necessity of the controller organization for the development.Secondly, take a strong use with the accounting system, only this is an objective and powerful tool for the entire management even if the management cannot make sure the accuracy of the other information. Additionally, with an uniform accounting system the company would not step into the funny farm status. Thirdly, align the divisional and corporate controller in the same direction. Only with the same objective, such as growth in dollar sales, assigned rate of profit etc., they can coordinate and cooperate more efficiently from the same interest. Setting up a proportion of allocating profit between managers and controllers so as to introduce a competitive and cooperative mechanism is not a bad idea.4. Would you recommend any major changes in the basic responsibilities of either the corporate controller or the divisional controller?The controllers now take on the responsibility of establishing the standardised practice regulations and the coordination of systems. To guarantee the rightness and unbiased standpoint, the corporate controller should supervise the argument process. Because there is no counterpart in the division to offset the potential personal mistake. So for this part, in a certain extent, corporate should suppress the individual impact of contro ller for the standard establishment. The controller, whatever in corporate level or division level, should have supervision over the bills, cash equivalent and credits. In case of the uncontrollable expense on the divisional budgets.From such process, on the other hand, it can resolve the partial problem of false financial statements and bloated budgets. The divisional controllers should have the partial say-so over the disbursements of any kind of expense, whose signature on checks at the same time should also be authorized and double-checked by corporate controller. Through authority sharing between administrative staff and control organization, it would be more beneficial for the corporate cost control.

Super Bikes Essay Example for Free

Super Bikes sampleJohn J anes built an excellent melodic line that named JJ Motorbikes five years ago. John Jones usages his initial of his name, JJ, as a brand for his cable. Ten years before, he had been the world champion in the Super Bikes. John Jones. By changing an old car showroom, John Jones built a successful business. On the new(prenominal) hand, this business has getting larger and become a new Bike City. Lying on two miles from the near rest home, this luff is being built neighboring to the main motor focussing on the outskirts of the city. According to the proposal, the fanny and its all the new facilities are being prepared to open in June 2006. II Situation depth psychology Because of the good standing and strategic location of JJ Motorbikes, this place has grow to be a reliable place to buy motorbikes, and all at once become a place for the bikers to gather and gossip in the biking community. The small coffee machine that placed outside of the service c entre becomes a place for bikers to meet fellow riders to corroborate a chat and they brush aside browse some accessories in the shop during that time.Become part of this business, the accessory shop is one of the main profit midpoints, although the bikers do not always buy something there. Besides selling good and new motorbikes, JJ Motorbikes is also selling second-hand motorbikes, scoop shovel with a JJ Motorbikes guarantee. To create good marketing relationship with the bikers that enthusiast in this pastime, JJ Motorbikes must make do how to deal this business well and keep it glowing. JJ Motorbikes have to win the customers by making a extract of the newest and most exciting performance bikes.For example, nowa daytimes, customers appreciate the small display of classic motorbikes. These experiences have been built into the jut out for the new JJ Motorbikes. II. 1 Macro environment (including PEST Analysis) JJ Motorbikes should make helpful and facilitating macro-environm ent to achieve the success of their business activity. The place of JJ Motorbikes take ups a government and populations that understand well intimately the enthusiasm of this hobby as a positive activity and key indicator of local development to provide such an environment. JJ Motorbikes need to plan and apply a promotion to create public responsiveness.The highlighting of the promotion should be counseling to the customers interest. JJ Motorbikes can use radio, television, and newspapers to emphasize the good side of the activity and remind about the negative consequences that identified in customers consideration. JJ Motorbikes should make specific activities that connected to the activity at bottom the program they are appraising. Political eventors can have a direct blow on the way business operates. Decisions made by government affect our every day lives and can come in the form of policy or legislation (Quick MBA. 2006).In a global industry is an industry, where a come withs strategic position is influenced by their global position as a whole (Kotler, 2000). The policy-making decision in the area is having an impact on JJ Motorbikes businesses. JJ Motorbikes businesses are affected by economical factors too. delight rate policy and fiscal policy will have to be set as a result. Within the area, the climate of the economy says how consumer may behave within society. Whether an economy is in an explosion, depression or recovery will also affect JJ Motorbikes consumers trustingness and behavior.Inside people forces such as family, friends, and media affect our attitude, interest, and opinions. These forces figure who we are as people and the way we behave and what we ultimately purchase. Within the people near JJ Motorbikes, attitudes are changing towards their activity of hobby. Consequently, JJ Motorbikes is seeing an increase in the quantity of people join this interest activity. Changes in technology are changing the way of JJ Motorbikes ope rates. The Internet is having a deep impact on the marketing mix strategy of JJ Motorbikes.Consumers of JJ Motorbikes can now shop 24 hours a day comfortably from their homes. II. 2 Micro environment JJ Motorbikes should long suiten community involvement by provide a club society in groups to facilitate them to organize the activity better. They also need to make use of local cultural practices whenever possible. JJ Motorbikes can also build in social appreciation programs to give confidence and jump individual and community initiatives. JJ Motorbikes have to make other components of the activity program to make confident(predicate) that every families and communities are able to participate.They may need also to seek additional financial support for this, and with the intention of reach remote, isolated communities and households. II. 2. 1 Competition Differentiation is very important in JJ Motorbikes marketing. JJ Motorbikes have to offer better than their competitors do. They n eed to continue this differentiation over a period from their competitors. High-grade and in-depth-processed motorbikes, which can compete with international fashionable styles, will have broader market. JJ Motorbikes should redirect their marketing focus to towns and countryside.They started to establish and correct sales and service network in rural areas step by step. II. 2. 2 grocery store demographics Demographic segmentation divides the market into groups founded on demographic variables including age, gender, family size, and life cycle. Nevertheless, JJ Motorbikes have set their highlights definitely at the other end of the scale, on the kids and teens market, as they increasingly segment products across all age groups. II. 2. 3 Market Needs This new product of JJ Motorbikes was designed from the ground up to take expediency of motorbike technology.It includes a patented and high performance suspension. The products of JJ Motorbikes are an innovative combination of perfor mance and quality. The design flexibility bodied into the body of the products allows the motorbike to be customized, branded, and built for specific market needs. This includes hobby, recreation and resorts, security, as well as many others. JJ Motorbikes labeling and packaging may have to alter to comply with the countrys labeling or environmental regulations.Presentation of their product is very important particularly for consumer goods. II. 2. 4 Market Trends In view of the fact that purchasing power in this areas take shape by stages, the demand volume for JJ motorbikes will confine at about a half of the total output in the future year plan period. In addition, the market of JJ motorbikes will be gradually standardized and related. JJ motorbikes will pay more concern to technological renovation and own products development in the coming several years.The JJ motorbikess record of deed and prolonged existence happens from its successful design of innovative consumer products for markets. Consumer can trust in a design, conjugated with eagerly commercial awareness of global market trends. II. 3 SWOT II. 3. 1 Strengths Strength is one component of internal analysis. The component describes any resources and capabilities that support a company to achieve its competitive advantage such as patents, excellent reputation, low cost structure and many more (Tutor 2U, 2006). Concerning the JJ Motorbikes the strengths are erect basic and support services provided by the government Conformity Control In place to underwrite commercial side II. 3. 2 Weaknesses The second internal factor is Weaknesses. This is simply in contrast to the strength in which the absence of specific strength might be considered as the weaknesses of the company (Tutor 2U, 2006). Concerning the JJ Motorbikes the weaknesses are of import structure does not feed effective information Ideas good at start Intent/ argument not always communicated to all customers Poorest families not r eached

Stock Valuation Essay Example for Free

Stock evaluation EssayInvesco owe a Real-Estate investment trust partnership is a company that provides adjusted risk, to its customers earlier through dividend payout and secondly through capital appreciation. IVR isnt the company seeking a favorable arrogant image in the community. Ivrs sole purpose is to generate moolah and distribute it to the shareholder. As a mortgage specialist, Invesco has been well positioned to capitalize on the rebound in home values, rising mortgage volumes and lower willful neglect rates.That has analysts looking for full-year earnings of $2 a share this year. With a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 8 times, below its companion average of 10, Invesco has value in addition to a serious yield of 13%. Upon further outline of IVR and the companys financial statements one can view a hybrid financial gloss that some conventional ratio analysis doesnt lend itself too. For instance gener wholey one major ratio that can identify a companys curren t cap skill to meet all of its financial obligations is the acid ratio test.IVR has an Acid ratio test of 1. 7. A companys profit in the lead depreciation and amortization to current liabilities indicates the companies ability to satisfy its short term obligations, the higher the PDACL ratio the better. PDACL ratio can be figure by taking the companys profit before depreciation and amortization divided by the companys current liabilities. For Ivr this means $339,885 divided by 3,541 = . 95 or 95%. IVR illuminate profit margin is 856% the net profit margin is calculated by taking net income divided by sales then multiplying the answer by 100.The net profit margin is best measured year over year and compared to industry competitors in effect to identify a companys efficiency as compared to other merchandise participators. A upstart article appeared in motley fool By (Adnan caravanserai June 4, 2013). This article discussed Reit and what the forecast is for the industries marke t. According to Khan Hybrid business models stand the best chance of succeeding. A pick he viewed favorably is twain. Yes TWO is truly the companies symbol on the exchange.Now lets talk financials Two has a market capitalization of 1. 6 billion dollars. The current acid ratio for TWO is 1. 27 . Two has a PADCL ratio of 7. 56 percent which is a pretty high margin of safety meaning dickens could be a safe investment. One significant area of strength for IVR over TWO is the operational cash flows to current liabilities ratio. Currently TWO has a ratio of . 9%. This ratio illustrates a companys ability to create a profit off current cash flow and the ability to meet current debt obligations with current cash flows. A low value of OFCL identifies slightly higher risk.

Developmental Psychology and Children Essay Example for Free

Developmental Psychology and tikeren Essay1.1An explanation of the legal status and principles of the relevant advance(prenominal) long time Framework and why the early years frameworks emphasise a personal and individual approach to acquisition development. The department of Education have issued a statutory Framework for Nursery settings, known as the Early Years Foundation Stage. The framework sets the legal requirements for the mission of young children relating to Learning, Development and Welf be. The EYFS framework sets the UK standards for learning, development and c ar for children from birth to five. The curriculum is built around four principles1.A Unique Child2. overbearing Relationships3.Enabling Environments4.Learning and DevelopmentTo give a basic understanding of the four principles, I will explain them belowA Unique ChildYou should focus on how children develop and recognise they are all different, but should be treated equally. positive(p) relationships an d good communication are vital. Children need to learn about risks and safety, how to make good choices and how to stick to boundaries.Positive RelationshipsThe theme is about children learning to manage their feelings and build relationships. You should respect all kinds of families and aim to develop a positive two-way relationship with parents. You will substantiate, listen and work with the children to help them learn.Have a nominated attain carer for each child to ensure they have the opportunity of building a close relationship and are well monitored during their time with you.Enabling EnvironmentsPlan and check on each childs turn up and make every attempt to involve parents and the local community. Ensure that inside and outside spaces of the nursery are safe, interesting and engaging.Learning and DevelopmentFocus on ensuring young children learn through play and exploration, with support for each individual. You should encourage children to develop imagination, to get ac tively involved in learning and to make decisions. annoy every attempt to develop childrens creative and critical hypothesizeing, balancing the need for both the children and adults to look at the learning. Always work towards the following specific goals to help keep within the framework Personal, Social and aflame Development, helping to build confidence, concentration, independence and respect. Communication, Language and Literacy, developing speaking and listening skills and beginning to read and write. paradox Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy, focusing on number work, mathematical ideas and thinking. Knowledge and Understanding of the World, helping children investigate and think about their seat in the world. Physical Development, relating to developing physical skills and understanding. Creative Development, centred around building childrens imagination. Welfare, ensuring we are all aware of our responsibility for childrens welfare. We will look after your child correctl y and help them to stay healthy. We also ensure the Red House is a safe and positive place for children

The Strength of the Nuclear Family Within the Anglo-Saxon Economy Essay Example for Free

The Strength of the Nuclear Family Within the Anglo-Saxon Economy EssayThis bind is about England family set up and how this is related to the economy. This is an economy which is market oriented, and capitalistic in nature. England has outstandingly micro families. Her family structure explains how family owned moving ines are run in England. Family firms in England are managed by individuals. The writer claims that elegant families set up in England need civil society more as they need markets and technical services.Additionally, small families are ideal for capitalistic economies as they are open and market facing. They are associated with mellow GDP. The writer asserts that economies with small families attain GDP per capita of around 5,000 which is higher than that of regions with all-inclusive and egalitarian families. Family is one of the topics learnt in sociology. A small family is usually preferred due to economic advantages accompanied with it. It is easy to sustain and brook for. Most developed countries prefer small nuclear families.Usually as a country employs polity aimed at keeping population down through encouraging small family sizes. Small families are positively associated with good economic murder. They in addition affect business ownership and management. Borrowing from this article, encouraging small families leave alone benefit the society at large. I never knew that the family structures in the society affect performance of the businesses and the economy. I thought it is through management and good governance economy will grow-family sizes plays a large percentageThis article could have discussed the optimal family size and specify how many members should a small family constitute. It could have also discussed the negative exertions of small families both in the social relationships and economic performance. There is a burbling debate across Europe about what is happening to our families. And there is the endless argument about the relation strengths and weaknesses of the Anglo-Saxon economic model. In my new book I try to show the links surrounded by the structure of our families and the structure of our economies.Here is an account of England in the flat language of modern sociology The majority of common people in Englandare rampant individuals, highly mobile both geographically and socially, economically rational, market-oriented and acquisitive, ego-centered in kinship and social life. except the quotation is from a description of England in 1250 by Alan Macfarlane, the historian who together with the great French thinker Emmanuel Todd has revealed the significance of family structures. England has had unusually small families, unusually weak local magnates, and unusually free peasants.It is non just antithetic from Papua New Guinea or Pakistan, it is also quite diametrical from France and Italy and most of continental Europe. This difference was recognized by Montesquieu that shrewd 18th-century French observer of human cultures, who observed I too have been a traveller, and have seen the country in the world which is most worthy of our curiosityI mean England. Just as aerial photography can reveal the outlines of some(a) long-lost medieval village so, if we know how to look, we can discern deep features of English society that endure to this day.So for example, we attribute the long-standing weaknesses in the productivity of the British economy to our lack of a Mittelstand, the strong medium-sized family businesses of the sort they have in Germany or France. We appear to be good at starting small businesses, and some of our big companies are very strong indeed. It is the high performance, solid, long-term, high-investment medium-sized companies in the middle that we seem to lack.It is not that we have few family owned firmsabout 30% of mid-sized British firms are owned by a family, very quasi(prenominal) to France and Germany. But we run them diffe rently. Englands family structure cares to explain this. In France, unlike in England, land or a firm are not the freehold property of the individual instead, they belong to the familys bloodline with an automatic right of hereditary pattern within the family for all the children. In England, family firms are more likely to be run as the private property of an individual who often manages the business himself or herself.In France and Germany, family firms are more likely to be held in common by whole family and seen as long-term property of a dynasty across several(prenominal) generations. As a result, they are more willing to bring in professional managers to run the business on behalf of the family. In France, 31% of family owned firms are run by an external manager as against only 23% in the U. K. (It is 60% in Germany. ) Of firms still owned by the founder, 44% in France are externally managed whereas it is only 14% in the U. K. (Again, it is 60% in Germany.) This has a big e ffect on economic performance If an inherited family firm brings in an outside manager it raises returns by sextet percentage points, a significant improvement in return on capital. There is no oneness right family structure. But the Anglo-Saxon model has its advantages, too. Small families need civil society more. But it was not just voluntary societies that provided mutual support. You need markets and commercial services as well. Instead of the mutual exchanges of the extended family, small families must buy services.If we need something we turn to yellow pages, not to an uncle. For example, insurance schemes, annuities, and savings help protect you when there is no wider family with any such obligationone reason wherefore England has a long history in financial services. Small nuclear families are open and market-facing, and that drives a especially dynamic model of capitalism. Even now, when you control for country-level effects, areas of Europe with Anglosphere-style famili es have GDP per capita of around 5,000 a grade higher than regions with extended and egalitarian families.Indeed, they are higher than all other family forms. Over the past 30 years, they have also outgrown them. These Anglosphere economies are outward-looking and flexible so they are good early adopters of new technologies. But they may not be so good at steady incremental improvements in performance with a given technology. And sometimes, as we have seen with new financial instruments, their sheer restless innovativeness can do catastrophic damage.Nevertheless, their flexibility can sustain them in the long run It is very possible that in this coming decade, for the first time, more than half of the economic output of the developed world will be in English-speaking countries. We cannot easily change these fundamentals of our national identities. Indeed we specialize in different activities and structure our economies differently because of them. Vive la difference David Willetts is Member of Parliament for Havant. His book, The Pinch How the baby boomers took their childrens future and why they should give it back is published by Atlantic

Human digestion Essay Example for Free

Human digestion EssayThe salivary glands are the first to match in the digestive process, which are usually triggered by either the sight or the smell of fare. victuals enters the digestive tract through the mouth where the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands dish up moisten and break down the food within minutes. The food accordingly becomes something called a bolus, which will travel through the pharynx, and so through the esophagus, and into the allow. As the food travels through the pharynx the epiglottis is in place to prevent food from entering the lungs. Once the bolus enters the have it is broken down with acid secretions. The food is partially digested within the stomach. The bolus then becomes chyme (a semiliquid food). Chyme usually leaves the stomach during a time frame of 2-6 hours. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and nutrient absorption takes place with the help of secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.The small intestine con sists of three parts the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Anything that is not absorbed in the small intestine then enters the tremendous intestine travelling through the sphincter. The sphincter prevents any of the remaining food from re-entering the small intestine. The large intestine is made up of two major parts the colon and the rectum. The colon aids in the absorption of leftover water, vitamins, or minerals. Anything left over after this process is considered waste product (feces) and is then excreted from the body via the anus, whichis attached to the colon. ReferenceHuman Digestion Activity. Retrieved August 21, 2009 fromhttp//corptrain.phoenix.edu/axia/sci241/sci241-digestivetract.html

North and South Korea Essay Example for Free

normality and South Korea EssayNorth Korea and South Korea are similar but yet different in many ways, such as in economies. North Koreas frugality seems to need support from other countries to survive. South Koreas seem as well fitted to rebuild their economy even stronger than it was before from the Korean War.North Korea is under a set communist dictatorship. N. Koreas leader is Kim Jong II. He came to power in 1994 afterwards his father died. North Korea has a large military and command economy. The average Korean person lives in poverty. The impoverished population is dependent on government taxes in housing and food. The farming is based on inefficient communist state farms. drought and floods cause food shortage. In 1990, when the Soviet Union aid collapsed, North Korea economy collapsed with it. South Koreas economy is military dominated. In South Korea, there is more rights and freedom than North Korea. With the help of U.S., they were able to recover after the K orean War. They developed from a poor country into an industrial export economy in just a few years. Now, South Korea has major industries such as shipbuilding, steel, automobiles, textiles, and electronics. In gear up to rebuild their economy, they set up a business model.Chaebol is a family-owned business, dominated South Korea economy and semipolitical system. They control about all of the manufacturing and exports in South Korea, with this factor it prevents competition from other countries and led to decomposition and debt. South Koreas government passed out forms to improve their country economy with ideas of have an open marketplace to foreign investment and competition. S. Koreas capital, Seoul, is the growing industrial center of South Korea. Seoul became successful after the Korean War. South Korea economy is a market economy system and North Korea has central plan economy. South Korea market economy has improved, in thing such as GDP of domestic product, since the Ko rean War.

Development of New Medicines A History

schooling of New treats A HistoryAnnaMaria RocaAs many diseases were able to be vulcanized due to refreshing medicines, novel diseases are soaring such as AIDS. However, peoples lives spend a penny expanded all around the military man due to so many studies that even included drugs. As strange as it sounds, medical drugs became the new thing to cure certain diseases such as tuberculosis. During the time of the 20th century, the medical advances increased in many areas. The advance evolved in many areas in biology, chemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and technology. Due to the knowledge that brought to their understanding, diseases got new treatments and cures as more than studies grew larger.Toward the end of the 19th century the study of herbal, chemical, and mineral remedies (what was called material medica) was transformed into the laboratory science of pharmacology(Planetseed). show drugs such as opium were being analyized and examined. by and by a while, it was read y to be manufactured due to researchers enough comfortable of their knowledge ab start the drugs. The pharmaceutical industry was marketing these products near the start of the 20th century. This is when aspirin was invented as the company Bayer utilise a arrangementatic chemical named acetylsalicylic acid.Paul Ehrlich studied in pharmacology and created the first sound treatment for syphilis. He manufactured the arsenic-based compound Salvarsan in 1909. Ehrlich as well as created the watchword chemotherapy and due to that, formed the first antibiotic drug. Later on, a guy named Gerhard produced the first economic consumptionful sulfonamide drug which is also an antibiotic. This was utilise to treat streptoccal, strep, and diseases, including meningitis.Even though viral diseases werent being cured by antibiotics, antiviral vaccines did. Smallpox and polio were important to the vaccines that cured them. Polio, which is mainly a disease of childhood, ca utilises paralysis. Jon as Salk and Albert Sabin were cardinal scientist that worke to develop a polio vaccine. However, two different versions of this vaccine were developled, which were brought into the world in the mid-1950s. Salks genuine the vaccine that was used on the deadly virus, while Sabins was used on the live one(a). some(prenominal) that were used resulted in success. Polio was mostly site to rest by the end of the 20th century.In the 1920s, Alexander Fleming studied mold samples and found something that could be very important in the medical field. roam was growing on bacteria samples which killed them. He recognized the mold as penicillin. During World War II, they used this with their extended research on injured soldiers to test it out the new drug. It proved very effective against anthrax, tetanus, and syphilis. This was also the first drug that worked against pneumonia.Antiretroviral drugs were developed in the 1980s to combat AIDS. (Retroviruses are a physique of virus.) Viruses mutate so quickly, however, that developing antiviral (and antiretroviral) agents has proved very difficult (Planetseed). So due to this, the dual studies and hard work to develop a vaccine for malaria and AIDS are unsuccessful. Other antiviral vaccines were also developed to cure measles, chickenpox, and influenza. Vaccines against human papillomavirus and shingles became available in 2006. The first antiviral drug in the 1970s were acyclovir that assistanted against some forms of herpes. However, this doesnt cure herpes but its effectual for not recess out in herpe sores or blisters. Researchers take in used many different approaches to develop drugs for patients. One major(ip) revolution in treating illnesses was a new understanding of the repellent system.The advancement in immunology has brought progress to all of the autoimmune diseases. The autoimmune diseases include type 1 diabetes, lupus, muscular dystrophy, and rheumatoid arthritis.the research has led to the develop ment of immunotherapy. That would the use of drugs to modify the immune system. As immunosuppressive drugs help treat autoimmune diseases, it also is a bulky success in the area of organ transplantation. First transplant to occur where the kidneys and then soon subsequent become the first heart transplants. However, those patients didnt survive that long due to their bodys immune system rejecting the new organs. Cyclosporins was then created as the first effective immunosuppressive drug to fix that problem. This move on even further for todays modern surgery that allows any organ of the human body to be transplanted from one individual to another. AIDS brought the science of immunology to new studies. AIDS was considered a death sentence since it destroys the immune system as it resists tarnishion. However, antiretroviral drug treatments extends the lives of individuals for years who are infected for many years, but it still doesnt have a real cure.Studies in the immunological m edical search also dealt with genetics. The bodys mobile phones and organisms that could infect it were studied. They then understood the roles of genes, the chromosomes and cell metabolism. Deocyribonuclei acid, also known as DNA is located at the force of the chromosome. After the study of the bodys cells, the biggest breakthrough then happened. A biochemist Frank Crick, and biologist pile Watson were able to interpret the structure of DNA and were then able to use it in medicine. They found out that many diseases can be drawn to genes or defective chromosomes. Due to these findings, it is now possible to be tested for diseases like cystic fibrosis, huntingtyons chorea and forms of breast cancer. Genetic engineering even allows us to develop new drugs such as insulin, interferon, human growth hormone, and other hormones used to stimulate blood cell production.Physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-rays and made it capable to look at the internal organs of the body. Thi s resulted in easier diagnoses for dispirited bones, cancer, and other diseases. Later on a physiologist, invented the first electrocardiograph. This was used for people with heart problems which the device was used to record electrical activity of the heart muscles. Tubes were then used to drain fluids or used to put in medicine were put into the heart and liver. The technologies that were discovered were ultrasound imaging, computerized mental imagery scans, positron emission tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging.X-rays are a form of radiation which you would consider very dicey to the body. After a while Radiologists realized that x rays were a form of radiation and are very dangerous to the body which resulted in them now using the lowest doses possible. They also became more knowledgeable about the use of X-rays to destroy unwanted cells. Radiation has become a treatment for cancer. Technology also helps people who necessity surgery. It allows the surgeon to look into further of the body which also allows radical invasive surgeries. Flexible endoscopes also became effective for hernias, gall bladders, kidneys, and knees. It is based on a fiber optic technology which is used for a keyhole surgery. It is a scope that has a laser which can cut like a sharp knife which makes a tiny incision. During the mid 20th century, a heart-lung machine was manufactured. It keeps patients alive by maintaining blood circulation while a surgeon is operating on an unbeating heart.Artificial organs are also a development that became useful for many individuals. Due to the fact that there arent enough organs for people, artificial organs help them to survive until one is found for them. Hemodialysis which was developed by a scientist named Willem Kolff. It helps patients live longer with kidney failure. scatty limbs were also being helped due to the development of prosthetics. Artificial limbs use to be made of metal and woodwind instrument which later on turne d into plastic that was developed in the mid-20th century. But now, advanced materials, such as carbon fiber, high-tech plastics and metals, have enabled researchers to create devices that operate by electronic attachment to the muscles(Planetseed).In otherwords, Individuals lives have expanded all around the world due to so many studies of different things. The medical advancement evolved in many areas in biology, chemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and technology. Due to the knowledge that brought to their understanding like the medical drugs becoming a factor of helping people. As the studies grow, the more treamtns and cure grow because that is the key factor to it all. Studying and larn and eventually achieving what youve been working hard for doesnt only help yourself but other lives as well. whole caboodle CITED20th Century Medical Advances History of Medicine PlanetSEED. 20th Century Medical Advances History of Medicine PlanetSEED. Web. 18 May 2015.Parker, Steve. Medic al Advances. Austin, Tex. Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1998. Print.Fong, Kevin. Extreme Medicine How Exploration Transformed Medicine in the 20th Century. 2014. Print.